These cysts are most commonly found on the neck, back, or behind the ears. They can remain the same size for years and, in many cases, cause no discomfort at all. To the touch, they typically feel smooth and round.
Beyond abnormal cell shedding, cysts can also form following a minor skin injury or when a hair follicle becomes blocked. They are more prevalent in adults than in children, and people who are prone to acne or have ongoing skin conditions appear to be at higher risk.
Epidermoid cysts: a very common condition
Epidermoid cysts are among the most frequently encountered benign skin growths in adults. They are not cancerous and do not transform into cancer in the vast majority of cases. Their prevalence is higher among people with a history of acne or recurring skin problems.
When a harmless bump becomes a problem: signs of infection
Most epidermoid cysts are entirely benign and require no treatment. The situation changes, however, if a cyst becomes irritated or infected. At that point, it can turn red, swollen, and tender, and may begin to drain a thick, foul-smelling discharge.
Attempting to squeeze or drain a lump at home is strongly discouraged. Doing so risks introducing bacteria, which can worsen an existing infection or lead to scarring. Warm compresses are sometimes used to ease discomfort or reduce swelling, but doctors note these methods offer only temporary relief and do not eliminate the cyst itself.
Diagnosis: a physical exam is usually enough
In most cases, an epidermoid cyst can be identified through a straightforward physical examination. No invasive procedure is needed to reach a diagnosis.
